Low shear stress regulates vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis through miR‐181b‐5p/STAT‐3 axis

Abstract Low shear stress and pyroptosis both play an important role in the onset and development of atherosclerosis (AS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of short (18–22) nucleotide sequences that can bind to the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of messenger RNA, thereby regulating programmed cell death including pyroptosis. However, the function of miRNAs in cells subjected to shear stress conditions is unknown. Therefore, we conducted the current study to demonstrate the effect of low shear stress on pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by undisturbed shear stress (5 dynes/cm 2 ) were the experimental group while HUVECs without shear stress treatment were the control group in our experiments. We observed that shear stress can suppress mechanosensitive miR‐181b‐5p expression, accompanying the elevated expression of NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent pyroptosis. Introduction of miR‐181b‐5p could alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent pyroptosis. Luciferase assay showed specific binding of miR‐181b‐5p to the 3′‐UTR of signal transduction and transcriptional activation factor 3 (STAT‐3) gene. Inhibition of STAT‐3 gene expression at the posttranscriptional level results in the alleviation of NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent pyroptosis. Besides, the silencing of STAT‐3 reduced anti‐miR‐181b‐5p‐mediated HUVEC pyroptosis via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Given the role of mechanosensitive miR‐181b‐5p and STAT‐3 in the shear stress‐induced pyroptosis, regulation of their expression levels may be a promising strategy to control AS.