TGR5 and Immunometabolism: Insights from Physiology and Pharmacology

In the past decade substantial progress has been made in understanding how the insurgence of chronic low-grade inflammation influences the physiology of several metabolic diseases. Tissue-resident immune cells have been identified as central players in these processes, linking inflammation to metabolism. The bile acid-responsive G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5 is expressed in monocytes and macrophages, and its activation mediates potent anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we summarize recent advances in TGR5 research, focusing on the downstream effector pathways that are modulated by TGR5 activators, and on its therapeutic potential in inflammatory and metabolic diseases.