Utilization of 3D Visualization of Mobile Crane Operations for Modular Construction On-Site Assembly

In heavy industrial construction, the on-site approach to construction is being gradually replaced by the off-site (modular-based) construction method, which is faster, results in better-quality products, and is more environmentally friendly. Given this trend, cranes have an increasingly strong influence on successful completion of modular-based construction projects with respect to project productivity and safety. However, in order to achieve safe and efficient equipment utilization, lift engineers and project managers face the challenge of designing collision-free crane operations prior to construction. This paper proposes a methodology whereby a dynamic graphical description of three-dimensional (3D) visualization is applied to simulate various scenarios with different crane models and types in order to select the most effective and efficient crane operation. It also presents the capabilities and limitations of 3D visualization in the application of crane lift planning. The case study demonstrates that the significant values of 3D visualization from the design stage to actual implementation of the project are: (1) to improve productivity by eliminating uncertainties; (2) to facilitate better communication, understanding, collaboration, and decision making; and (3) to assist project practitioners in performing critical lifts successfully during actual construction.