COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF SALVIA OFFICINALIS AND SALVIA TESQUICOLA

Salvia officinalis - widely used in medicine as an astringent, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory agent. Leaves of Salvia officinalis used to rinse the throat and mouth in catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and stomatitis. However, some problems from the point of view of pharmacognostical analysis remain unresolved. So, in an Orenburg region the potential admixture to Salvia officinalis is Salvia tesqicola, however, anatomical characteristics of Salvia tesqicola leaves has not been studied. In the State Pharmacopoeia of Russia, XII edition the Pharmacopoeia article on leaves of Salvia officinalis are missing, as for the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, XI edition, the microscopic features described poorly. Description of morphological and anatomical diagnostic criteria of Salvia officinalis leaves, in a comparative plan raw material of this plant and the Salvia tesqicola leaves as a potential impurity has not been studied. Salvia officinalis grows only in sub-tropical zone of Russian Federation. In Orenburg region grows closely-related species Salvia tesqicola which don’t use in the medicine in connection with lack of information. Morphological and anatomical diagnostic criteria of leaves Salvia tesqicola were revealed during the study. Additional diagnostic criteria of leaves Salvia officinalis were also defined. A number of evident differences in the morphology and histology of leaves observable species was revealed: differences in the shape and sinuosity of the cells, presence and absence of druses and glands with essential oil, differences in the shape of filaments. Criteria of differential diagnostics given species were worked out on the base of received facts. Possibility of potential use leaves Salvia tesqicola in the official medicine was also revealed.