The middle route project of the South-to-North Water Transfer is the largest trans-basin water transfer project planned to be built in China. For the trans-region and trans-climatic-belt water transfer, the large covering area and transferring discharge of the project, the structures are of high-grade ones and large sizes, and the most of them on the main canal are thin wall and slab-girder structures and the construction work is different from that of the conventional hydraulic structures. This paper discusses the issues such as water diversion of the rivers crossed with the main canal, the selection of concrete material, and construction equipment, and the general construction arrangement, etc.