Electronic structure engineering of heterogeneous ceria-incorporated Pt/C as an efficient catalyst for boosting DMFC performance

Combining CeO 2 and ultra-low-electronegativity Ce tuned electronic structure of Pt to form heterogeneous PtCe–CeO 2 /C. The higher reaction kinetics and faster turnover of intermediates led to superb MOR and ORR activity, and reliable DMFC operation.