Hardware-intrinsic encrypted imaging and neuromorphic computing enabled by bias-reconfigurable AlScN/GaN heterojunction ultraviolet photodetector

Developing multifunctional devices capable of on-demand task switching is crucial for highly integrated intelligent systems. We introduce a multifunctional ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) based on an AlScN/GaN heterojunction, featuring dynamically reconfigurable operating modes via bias voltages. At low bias voltages, it functions as a fast and highly sensitive UV PD (the specific detectivity reaching 9.37×1012 Jones), applied in high-speed imaging and optical communication. Interestingly, at higher bias voltages, the device exhibits a persistent photoconductivity effect. This behavior enables the effective emulation of biological synaptic plasticity, including key functions such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and the transition from short-term memory to long-term memory. Leveraging this unique bias-controlled characteristic, we introduce a hardware-intrinsic encrypted optical imaging scheme by ingeniously combining the device’s distinct fast and slow photoresponse dynamics. Secure image access is achieved by employing a combination of synchronized optical inputs and dynamic biasing protocols as security keys. We demonstrate a single AlScN/GaN optoelectronic device platform for achieving reconfigurable multifunctionality and hardware-level encrypted imaging, holding significant potential for neuromorphic computing and highly secure information systems.