Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound at ST36 improves the gastric motility by TNF‐α/IKKβ/NF‐κB signaling pathway in diabetic rats

Abstract Background and Aim Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can effectively regulate the central and peripheral nervous system. However, whether LIPUS could act on acupuncture points to modulate the activity of peripheral nervous has rarely been studied. Our study aimed to investigate whether LIPUS at ST36 could improve gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis rats. Methods Sprague–Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: control group (CON), diabetic gastroparesis group (DM), and diabetic gastroparesis LIPUS treated group (LIPUS). The body weight and blood glucose were recorded every week. Glucose tolerance, gastric emptying rate, and gastric motility were measured before and after treatment. Gastric motility was assessed by ultrasonic examination and Muscle strip experiment. The expression level of c‐Kit was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Levels of TNF‐α, p‐NF‐κB p‐65, NF‐κB p‐65, and p‐IKKβ, IKKβ were measured by western blot. Results We reported LIPUS at an intensity of 0.88 W/cm 2 exhibited significant differences in functional recovery of gastric delayed emptying in diabetic rats. Through ultrasound gastric motility functional testing and analysis of gastric antral smooth muscle strips indirectly and directly proved the effectiveness of LIPUS for the recovery of gastric delayed emptying. Pathological analysis and western blot indicated that the mechanism by which LIPUS applied to ST36 improved gastric motility may be partially attributed to the inhibition of the TNF‐α/IKKβ/NF‐κB signaling pathway, thereby rescuing the damaged interstitial cells of Cajal network. Conclusion LIPUS at ST36 improved the gastric motility and rescued the damaged networks of interstitial cells of Cajal. LIPUS may have a promising therapeutic potential for diabetic gastroparesis.