Multi-biosensing hairband for emergency health assessment

Blood analysis is regarded as the gold standard for monitoring analytes in clinical diagnostics. However, the time-consuming and site-limited nature often delays medical interventions that are crucial for patients in emergency scenarios. Herein, a weavable multi-biosensor array is developed through coaxial wet spinning for real-time multiplex detection of sweat biomarkers (pH, Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺) and body temperature. The engineered microstructure of the multi-biosensor array exhibits a surface area that is around 200 times larger than that of conventional coated yarns, thereby facilitating directional sweat transport. The sensitivities of the pH, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺and temperature sensors have been determined to be 39.52 ± 0.5 mV pH^-1 (3-7), 56.33 ± 1 mV dec^-1 (10-160 mM), 34.13 ± 0.6 mV dec^-1 (2-32 mM), 30.61 ± 0.8 mV dec^-1 (0.5-2.53 mM), and 1.2 Ω ± 0.02 °C^-1 (25-45 °C), respectively. It is noteworthy that the multi-biosensors exhibit consistent operational stability over 24 hours with minimal signal drift (pH: 0.13 ± 0.01 mV h^-1, Na⁺: 0.17 ± 0.02 mV h^-1, K⁺:0.1 ± 0.008 mV h^-1, Ca²⁺: 0.19 ± 0.01 mV h^-1, temperature: 0.05 ± 0.004 Ω h^-1). By integrating the multi-biosensors and a circuit patch into the textile substrate, a wireless hairband system is constructed for tracking human physiological dynamics. Such significant technological advancement offers an innovative strategy for constructing real-time biosensing systems, which have the potential to revolutionize personalized healthcare and enable early diagnosis in emergency situations.