Relationship Between Social Support, Symptom Burden, Dyspnea, Perceived Stress, Perceived Stigma, Coping Styles, and Psychological Distress in Patients with Stable COPD: A Structural Equation Model

Psychological distress in stable COPD patients is influenced by interrelated factors, with perceived social support playing a central role. Healthcare interventions should focus on improving coping strategies, managing symptoms, and strengthening social support to alleviate distress.