Multi-dynamic-bond cross-linked antibacterial and adhesive hydrogel based on boronated chitosan derivative and loaded with peptides from Periplaneta americana with on-demand removability

The design and development of a bio-adhesive hydrogel with on-demand removability and excellent antibacterial activities are meaningful to achieve high wound closure effectiveness and post-wound-closure care, which is desirable in clinical applications. In this work, a series of adhesive antioxidant antibacterial hydrogels containing peptides from Periplaneta americana (PAP) were prepared through multi-dynamic-bond cross-linking among 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DBA) containing catechol and aldehyde groups and chitosan grafted with 3-carboxy-4-fluorophenylboronic acid (CS-FPBA) to enable the effective adhesion of skin tissues and prevention of bacterial infection of wound. PAP was derived from alcohol-extracted residues generated during the pharmaceutical process, aiming to minimize resource wastage and achieve the high-value development of such a medicinal insect. The hydrogel was prepared by freezing-thawing with no toxic crosslinkers. The multi-dynamic-bond cross-linking of dynamic borate ester bonds and dynamic Schiff base bonds can achieve reversible breakage and re-formation and the adhesive strength of CS-FPBA-DBA-P-gel treated with a 20 % glucose solution dramatically decreased from 3.79 kPa to 0.35 kPa within 10 s. Additionally, the newly developed hydrogel presents ideal biocompatibility, hemostasis and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli compared to commercial chitosan gel (approximately 50 % higher inhibition rate), demonstrating its great potential in dealing with infected full-thickness skin wounds.