Optimisation of Key Parameters of Oil Injection Lubrication and Analysis of Lubrication Efficiency of Textured Gears

ABSTRACT To improve gear lubrication efficiency, this paper designs a new arc groove gear structure and proposes an optimised nozzle arrangement based on it. Firstly, the effect of nozzle arrangement on tooth surface temperature is studied through simulation analysis. The results show that under the NO1–NO16 nozzle layouts, the tooth surface temperature of the arc groove gear is lower than that of conventional gears. Among these, the NO13 nozzle layouts offers the best cooling efficiency and lubrication effect, reducing tooth surface temperature by 10.21 K compared to conventional gears and increasing cooling efficiency by 3.29%. Secondly, under NO1–NO16 nozzle layouts, oil volume fraction in the meshing zone of the arc groove gear significantly exceeds that of conventional gears, specifically, nozzle layout NO13 achieves a 10.88% higher oil volume fraction and a 74.77% increase in oil utilisation rate. Finally, orthogonal experiment analysis reveals that among the 16 layouts, NO13 has the smallest tooth surface temperature difference‐reducing it by 9.8°C compared to conventional gears—and increases heat dissipation efficiency by 24.20%. The optimal nozzle parameters are: injection distance of 60 mm, injection angle of 15°, nozzle diameter of 3.5 mm, and speed of 2500 r/min. The order of influence on tooth surface temperature is: nozzle diameter > injection distance > rotation speed > injection angle.