Gradient nanofiber aerogels for extreme cryogenic and thermal environments

) and an extensive detection range (223 kPa). Notably, the combination of thermal resilience (-196 °C to 533.30 °C) and mechanical stability enables performance that is comparable to, or in some aspects surpasses, that of conventional flexible sensing materials. This dual-gradient aerogel provides both effective thermal insulation and high-precision physiological monitoring under extreme conditions, offering integrated thermal protection and real-time astronaut health assessment in spacesuits.