材料科学
光学
栅栏
包层(金属加工)
长周期光纤光栅
光纤布拉格光栅
光子晶体光纤
渐变折射率纤维
极化(电化学)
保偏光纤
光纤
光电子学
折射率
衍射光栅
光纤传感器
作者
Victor I. Kopp,Victor M. Churikov,Jonathan Singer,Daniel Neugroschl,Azriel Z. Genack
摘要
We have fabricated a variety of chiral fiber sensors by twisting one or more standard or custom optical fibers with
noncircular or nonconcentric core as they pass though a miniature oven. The resulting structures are as stable as the
glass material and can be produced with helical pitch ranging from microns to hundreds of microns. The polarization
selectivity of the chiral gratings is determined by the geometry of the fiber cross section. Single helix structures are
polarization insensitive, while double helix gratings interact only with a single optical polarization component. Both
single and double helix gratings may function as a fiber long period grating, coupling core and cladding modes or as
a diffraction grating scattering light from the fiber core out of the fiber. The resulting dips in the transmission
spectrum are sensitive to fiber elongation, twist and temperature, and (in the case of the long period gratings) to the
refractive index of the surrounding medium. The suitability of chiral gratings for sensing temperature, elongation,
twist and liquid levels will be discussed. Gratings made of radiation sensitive glass can be used to measure the
cumulative radiation dose, while gratings made of radiation-hardened glass are suitable for stable sensing of the
environment in nuclear power plants. Excellent temperature stability up to 900°C is found in pure silica chiral
diffraction grating sensors.
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