Outcomes of Pulmonary Artery Embolization and Stent Graft Placement for the Treatment of Hemoptysis Caused by Lung Tumors

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular management of pulmonary artery lesions caused by lung tumors. Materials and Methods Nineteen patients (15 men, 4 women; average age: 60.3 years, range, 51–86 years) treated for massive or recurrent hemoptysis with transarterial pulmonary artery embolization between 2010 and 2016 were included in this multicenter, retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were: patients with lung cancer and at least 1 episode of hemoptysis with a pulmonary artery lesion detected by computed tomography (CT) angiography or after failed bronchial artery embolization. No patient undergoing pulmonary embolization for a lung tumor was excluded. Technical success, clinical success, and complications were recorded. The survival curve was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method Results Mean follow-up was 188.1 days (range, 0–1440 days). Primary and assisted technical success rates were 73.7% (14/19) and 84.2% (16/19), respectively. Two patients died during the procedure due to massive hemoptysis and cardiac arrest, and 1 patient was treated with surgery. All patients with technical success achieved clinical success without further bleeding. No complications were noted, and no pulmonary infarction was detected on CT scan during follow-up. Survival rates after embolization at 1 and 3 months were 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40%–90%) and 46% (95% CI: 23%–80%), respectively, with 36.8% (n = 7) of the patients still alive at the end of the study. Conclusions Embolization is an effective and safe treatment of lung tumors with pulmonary arterial bleeding.