化学
芳基
激进的
光催化
发色团
接受者
光化学
催化作用
电子转移
激发态
电子受体
氧化还原
可见光谱
芳基
光催化
有机化学
核物理学
光电子学
物理
烷基
凝聚态物理
作者
Jinhui Xu,Jilei Cao,Xiangyang Wu,Han Wang,Xiaona Yang,Xinxin Tang,Ren Wei Toh,Rong Zhou,Edwin K. L. Yeow,Jie Wu
摘要
Since the seminal work of Zhang in 2016, donor–acceptor cyanoarene-based fluorophores, such as 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN), have been widely applied in photoredox catalysis and used as excellent metal-free alternatives to noble metal Ir- and Ru-based photocatalysts. However, all the reported photoredox reactions involving this chromophore family are based on harnessing the energy from a single visible light photon, with a limited range of redox potentials from −1.92 to +1.79 V vs SCE. Here, we document the unprecedented discovery that this family of fluorophores can undergo consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) to achieve very high reduction potentials. One of the newly synthesized catalysts, 2,4,5-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-6-(ethyl(phenyl)amino)isophthalonitrile (3CzEPAIPN), possesses a long-lived (12.95 ns) excited radical anion form, 3CzEPAIPN•–*, which can be used to activate reductively recalcitrant aryl chlorides (Ered ≈ −1.9 to −2.9 V vs SCE) under mild conditions. The resultant aryl radicals can be engaged in synthetically valuable aromatic C–B, C–P, and C–C bond formation to furnish arylboronates, arylphosphonium salts, arylphosphonates, and spirocyclic cyclohexadienes.
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