社区获得性肺炎
肺炎支原体
医学
肺炎
肺炎衣原体
嗜肺军团菌
人口
入射(几何)
军团菌
重症监护医学
微生物学
免疫学
衣原体
内科学
生物
细菌
环境卫生
衣原体
物理
光学
遗传学
作者
Catia Cillóniz,Antoní Torres,Michael S. Niederman,Menno van der Eerden,James D. Chalmers,Tobias Welte,Francesco Blasi
标识
DOI:10.1007/s00134-016-4394-4
摘要
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide; the annual incidence of CAP among adults in Europe has ranged from 1.5 to 1.7 per 1000 population. Intracellular bacteria are common causes of CAP. However, there is considerable variation in the reported incidence between countries and change over time. The intracellular pathogens that are well established as causes of pneumonia are Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Coxiella burnetii. Since it is known that antibiotic treatment for severe CAP is empiric and includes coverage of typical and atypical pathogens, microbiological diagnosis bears an important relationship to prognosis of pneumonia. Factors such as adequacy of initial antibiotic or early de-escalation of therapy are important variables associated with outcomes, especially in severe cases. Intracellular pathogens sometimes appear to cause more severe disease with respiratory failure and multisystem dysfunction associated with fatal outcomes. The clinical relevance of intracellular pathogens in severe CAP has not been specifically investigated. We review the prevalence, general characteristics, and outcomes of severe CAP cases caused by intracellular pathogens.
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