Protein and peptide confinement within metal–organic materials

Metal-organic materials (MOMs), including both discrete metal-organic cages (MOCs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), are emerging as promising materials for peptide and protein immobilisation. In particular, the ease of synthesis of MOMs alongside their well-defined and modular internal void spaces makes them appealing when considering routes to immobilise and stabilise peptides and proteins outside of biological environments whilst retaining their native activity. Here we review recent advances made in understanding the conformation of peptidic materials confined within MOMs and the enzymes@MOF constructs which show the best enzymatic performance. We highlight opportunities for further advancement in each of these areas and proposed that complementary approaches taken by the MOC and MOF communities might be fruitfully combined to advance our understanding and the development of peptide/protein@MOM applications.