The Effect of Resisted Sprint Training on Force–Velocity Profile Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT: Dougan, A, Latella, C, Nagatani, T, Lockie, RG, O'Brien, E, and Haff, GG. The effect of resisted sprint training on force-velocity profile change: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 39(11): 1203-1215, 2025-This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of resisted sprint training (RST) compared with unresisted sprint training (URST) programs to positively influence horizontal force-velocity (F-V) profile variables and acceleration performance in trained individuals. Searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus without year restriction. Included studies (a) used RST by towing/pushing a load as a training modality, (b) were published in a scientific journal, (c) were published in English, (d) were an original intervention, (e) measured pre- and postintervention horizontal F-V profiles, (f) identified training parameters including RST load used, (g) the training intervention was ≥4 weeks in duration or ≥8 sessions, and (h) included a control group that performed URST. After screening, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Raw data (mean ± SD or range) were extracted, and standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for all outcomes. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Resisted sprint training significantly improved force (SMD = 0.47, CI: [0.12-0.83], p = 0.002), power (SMD = 0.53 [0.17-0.88], p < 0.001), RF peak (SMD = 0.70 [0.03-1.37], p = 0.029), and 5 m (SMD = -0.81 [-1.26 to 0.36], p < 0.001), 10 m (SMD = -0.80 [-1.39 to 0.21], p = 0.007), and 20 m sprint performance (SMD = -1.09 [-1.60 to 0.59], p < 0.001) during sprinting when compared with URST. Resisted sprint training represents an efficient means to increase key horizontal F-V profile variables. The findings suggest that RST may complement or be favored over URST to improve early-to-mid acceleration performance, horizontal force, or power, but further research is required in elite sprint athletes and to determine the effect that RST load and volume have on the adaptability of the F-V profile.