Synergistic protective effects of β-glucan and Lactobacillus johnsonii NSP009 in ulcerative colitis

abundance in mouse feces, with LJ producing substantial levels of indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. BGLJ treatment robustly elevated ILA levels in the gut, activating AhR and upregulating IL-22 production. Collectively, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of the BGLJ-based synbiotic in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and underscore its promise as a novel intervention for UC management.