Conventional High-Temperature Superconductivity in Metallic, Covalently Bonded, Binary-Guest C–B Clathrates

Inspired by the synthesis of XB3C3 (X = Sr, La) compounds in the bipartite sodalite clathrate structure, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed on members of this family containing up to two different metal atoms. A DFT-chemical pressure analysis on systems with X = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba reveals that the size of the metal cation, which can be tuned to stabilize the B-C framework, is key for their ambient-pressure dynamic stability. High-throughput density functional theory calculations on 105 Pm3̅ symmetry XYB6C6 binary-guest compounds (where X, Y are electropositive metal atoms) find 22 that are dynamically stable at 1 atm, expanding the number of potentially synthesizable phases by 19 (18 metals and 1 insulator). The density of states at the Fermi level and superconducting critical temperature, Tc, can be tuned by changing the average oxidation state of the metal atoms, with Tc being highest for an average valence of +1.5. KPbB6C6, with an ambient-pressure Eliashberg Tc of 88 K, is predicted to possess the highest Tc among the studied Pm3̅nXB3C3 or Pm3̅ XYB6C6 phases, and calculations suggest it may be synthesized using high-pressure high-temperature techniques and then quenched to ambient conditions.