Sodium Ion Batteries: From Basic Research to Industrialization

Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) offer a compelling alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in specific applications, particularly due to their superior low‐temperature discharge performance, high‐rate capability, and enhanced safety profiles, which positions them as promising candidates for the energy storage landscape. The primary cathode materials for SIBs include Prussian blue (PB)/white compounds, layered oxides, and polyanionic compounds. This review systematically evaluates the challenges associated with these three cathode families, assesses the efficacy of different modification approaches, and provides a cost breakdown analysis for layered oxides and polyanion compounds that have entered commercialization stages. Additionally, the study examines battery pack configurations and system integration aspects, emphasizing critical development needs for battery management systems (BMS) and battery thermal management systems (BTMS). By synthesizing fundamental research progress, addressing key bottlenecks in industrialization, and proposing viable solutions, this work aims to accelerate the commercialization of sodium‐ion battery technologies.