[The status and prospects of studies about atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, pruritic inflammatory disease with a high prevalence, ranking as the leading non-fatal burden of skin diseases. The pathogenesis of AD involves interactions among genetic factors, impaired skin barrier function, dysbiosis, and immune dysregulation. The immune phenotype is highly heterogeneous, with the Th2-dominant immune response. AD exhibits diverse clinical phenotypes, posing challenges for the establishment of clinical diagnostic criteria and personalized management. Targeted biologic therapies focusing on Th2-type inflammatory responses and small-molecule drugs blocking inflammatory signaling pathways have significantly improved the management of the moderate or severe AD. However, the balance between efficacy and safety remains to be evaluated due to limited data. Despite significant advancement in basic and clinical research on AD in recent years, there are still many questions that need to be resolved urgently.特应性皮炎（AD）是一种慢性复发性瘙痒性炎症性疾病，患病率高，疾病负担列皮肤科非致死性疾病的第一位。本病发病涉及遗传、皮肤屏障功能障碍、微生态失衡及免疫调节异常等多个环节的相互作用，其免疫表型以辅助型T细胞2（Th2型）反应为主导，但具有高度的异质性。AD的临床表型呈多样化，给临床诊断标准的制定和个性化管理带来挑战。靶向Th2型炎症反应为代表的生物制剂与阻断炎症信号通路的小分子药物显著提高了中重度AD患者的治疗水平，但效益与安全性平衡还缺乏足够的数据来评价。尽管近年来AD的基础和临床研究取得很大的进展，但仍然有很多问题亟待解决。.