Self‐Powered, Raw Material‐Based Sensor Arrays with Minimized Signal Channels for Human‐Machine Interaction

Abstract Sensor arrays are essential for effective human‐machine interaction (HMI), enabling systems to perceive, interpret, and respond to human actions. However, traditional sensor arrays often involve complex manufacturing processes and excessive wiring due to point‐to‐point connections. To address these challenges, a type of self‐powered, low‐cost sensor array is described that minimizes these issues. Utilizing the principles of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, the array consists of two or more interconnected electrostatic induction units. When a unit is triggered, it generates a unique voltage signal relative to other connected units, resulting in diverse signals with specific waveforms and peak magnitudes. This diversity allows the sensor array to output multiple addressable signals through a limited number of channels or a single channel, enhancing efficiency and simplicity. The versatility of these sensor arrays in various HMI applications is demonstrated, including game joysticks, electronic skins, robot controllers, and leaf‐based electronic piano keyboards, showcasing their potential to transform HMI technology.