Biomimetic materials for fouling resistance

In this paper, we first introduce different types of natural species that can prevent hard and soft fouling or have self cleaning ability. Then, we state several theories that may be helpful to fabricate different kinds of fouling resisted surfaces. After that we introduce different types of fouling classified by a framework that based on the modulus, including hard fouling, marine fouling, and other types of fouling, and for each type, we state how to fabricate surfaces that can prevent it or lower the adhesion. Overall, we summarize different ways that can prevent fouling stick on the surfaces and it can also be a guide to direct manufacturing different fouling-resistant surfaces.