Biomechanics in Animal Behaviour

BIOMECHANICS IN BEHAVIOUR. Introduction. Behavioural biomechanics in organismal biology. Behaviour and the mechanical properties of the environment, certain animal structures and tools. Conclusions. BIOMECHANICS AND BEHAVIOUR: ANALYZING THE MECHANISTIC BASIS OF MOVEMENT FROM AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE. Introduction. Phylogeny and the study of biomechanics and behavior. Two case studies. Discussion and prospectus. INTERMITTENT LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOUR ALTERS TOTAL WORK. Introduction. Predictions from biomechanics and energetics based on laboratory studies of steady-state locomotor behavior. Predictions based on laboratory studies on non-steady-state locomotor behavior. Testing laboratory-based predictions from mechanics and energetics by measuring locomotor behavior in the field. Generality of the consequences of intermittent locomotor behavior in other ectotherms. Conclusion. WALKING AND RUNNING STRATEGIES FOR HUMANS AND OTHER MAMMALS. Introduction. Gaits and speeds. Routes. Taking risks. FISH SWIMMING BEHAVIOUR: PREDICTIONS FROM PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES. Introduction. Gaits as basic swimming behaviours. Simple swimming behaviours. Complex behaviours. From individual behaviours to whole organisms. Conclusions and future studies. THE BIOMECHANICS OF INTERMITTENT SWIMMING BEHAVIOURS IN AQUATIC VERTEBRATES. Introduction. Burst-and-coast swimming. Energy efficient swimming strategy in negatively buoyant fish. Porpoising. Flying fish. Conclusion. Notation. BIRD MIGRATION PERFORMANCE ON THE BASIS OF FLIGHT MECHANICS AND TRIGONOMETRY. Introduction. Gliding and flapping birds. Speed of migration. Range and fuel load. The triangle of velocities. Migration by vector summation. Routes on a globe. Final remark. Appendix: List of symbols. AERODYNAMICS AND BEHAVIOUR OF MOULT AND TAKE-OFF IN BIRDS. Introduction. Avian moult. Take-off in birds. Moult and take-off. Discussion. THE PHYSICS OF CHEMORECEPTION REVISITED: HOW THE ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES CHEMICALLY MEDIATED BEHAVIOUR. Introduction. Qualitative measures of the physical environment. Fluid flow and chemical signals. Chemosensory behavior in different environments. Conclusions. PASSIVE ORIENTATION HYDRODYNAMICS, ACOUSTICS AND BEHAVIOUR IN SWASH-RIDING CLAMS AND OTHER SANDY BEACH INVERTEBRATES. Introduction. Habitat. Behaviour. Orientation. Choice of waves. Acoustic cues from waves. Tidal rhythm of responsiveness. Generality of results: similarity with behavior of other sandy beach swash-riders. Generality of results: physical effects on diversity and habitat choice. Conclusion. CRAB CLAWS AS TOOLS AND WEAPONS. Introduction. Claws as tools. Claws as weapons. Conclusions. LINKING FEEDING BEHAVIOUR AND JAW MECHANICS IN FISHES. Introduction. Jaw mechanics, feeding mode, and patterns of prey use. Scaling of jaw mechanics in sunfishes.Diversity of prey-capture kinematics in labrid fishes. Discussion. BIOMECHANICS AND FEEDING BEHAVIOUR IN CARNIVORES: COMPARATIVE AND ONTOGENETIC STUDIES. Introduction. Cranial and dental morphology. Ontogeny and feeding adaptations. Development of bite strength and feeding performance in the spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta. Concluding remarks. PREDATOR - PREY RELATIONSHIPS IN FISH AND OTHER AQUATIC VERTEBRATES: KINETICS AND BEHAVIOUR. Introduction. Attack. Escape response. Discussion. BIOMECHANICS OF DISPLAY BEHAVIOUR IN TETRAPODS: THROAT DISPLAY IN SQUAMATES. Introduction. Case study of throat display in lizards. Possible evolutionary scenario of throat display. Throat display and the concept of ritualization. Conclusion and perspective. THE DEFENCE RESPONSE IN CRAYFISH: BEHAVIOUR AND KINEMATICS. Introduction. The defence display. The defence turn. Discussion. FIGHTING AND THE MECHANICAL DESIGN OF HORNS AND ANTLERS. Introduction. Horns and antlers. Fighting. Horn and antler failure. Material properties. Structures. The mechanics of fighting. Extinct figh