Study on influencing factors and countermeasures of humidity stability of tin-lead perovskite solar cells

In recent years, tin-lead perovskite solar cells (TLPSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their rapid increase in photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is now comparable to that of lead-based devices. However, the stability of TLPSCs lags far behind the rapid increase in efficiency. Meanwhile, our statistical analysis reveals a scarcity of studies on the stability of TLPSCs, particularly regarding humidity stability. Therefore, this paper presents a statistical analysis and evaluation of the humidity stability of TLPSCs, as well as a summary of the factors influencing their stability in humid conditions. Additionally, we propose a novel humidity degradation mechanism and analyze various strategies, including component regulation, additive engineering, functional layer optimization, and interface engineering, to enhance the stability of tin-lead mixed perovskite solar cells. Thus, this review aims to raise awareness about the stability of TLPSCs, particularly in terms of humidity stability, and provides potential solutions to address this issue.