In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the bile acid-binding properties of dried persimmon and its non-extractable proanthocyanidin fraction

Dried persimmons contain abundant insoluble tannins comprised of non-extractable proanthocyanidins (NEPAs). To determine the beneficial function of NEPAs, we studied the bile acid-binding ability of NEPAs using in vitro and in vivo experiments. For the in vitro evaluation, 70% (v/v) acetone-insoluble solids (AIS) with different NEPA levels was prepared from persimmon fruits during drying. AIS with higher NEPA levels displayed stronger bile acid-binding activity, and the highest NEPA levels can be obtained from mostly-dried fruits. The in vivo bile acid-excreting effect of dried persimmon powder (DP) and AIS was verified by feeding experiments using C57BL/6J mice. The average bile acid-excretion was in order of low-fat group (1.07 µmol/day) < high-fat (HF) group (3.03 µmol/day) < HF + AIS group (4.44 µmol/day) < HF + DP group (6.74 µmol/day). These results suggest that the bile acid-excreting function of the fruit is related to the presence of NEPAs, which are constitutive ingredients of dried persimmon.