A review of elevated-temperature properties of alternative binders: Supplementary cementitious materials and alkali-activated materials

The use of alternative binders is beneficial for addressing the shortage of resources and reduce carbon emissions. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs)-cement system and cementless alkali-activated binder system are the most widely used alternative binders. The high temperature properties of alternative binders are of great importance for a wider application. This review highlights the progress development and underlying mechanism of utilizing different type and content of SCMs on the high temperature performance of SCMs-cement and alkali-activated binder systems. Special emphasis is placed on the temperature-dependent macro properties of SCMs, geopolymer, alkali-activated slag, and alkali-activated blended systems. The mineral alteration and microstructure changes upon different elevated temperatures exposure are also summarized and compared.