By disc-agar diffusion method and broth microdilution susceptibility testing,the antimicrobial activity in vitro of the oil was evaluated against 2 fungi and 10 bacteria including 5 clinical isolated strains.The results showed that the oil presented a broad antimicrobial spectrum,and had better antimicrobial activity against microzyme and Gram-positive bacteria,the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) values were 0.02~0.31 g/L and the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) values was 0.04~1.25 g/L.The essential oil of subterranean part of Artemisia imponens was then analyzed by GC-MS.The results show that twenty-eight identified components in the oil mainly monoterpene and sesquiterpene accounts for 81.41% of tatal,and Vulgarnoe B(26.58%),Cineole(1,8-)(19.89%) and Camphor(7.91%) are the key components.