A Review of Flexible Plasma Jets and Their Applications in Biomedicine

ABSTRACT Atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) have been widely used in biomedical applications owing to their high adaptability to various loads. To further expand their utility to deep‐seated tissues, APPJs equipped with flexible dielectric tubes (flexible plasma jets, FPJs) have been integrated into minimally invasive endoscopic systems. This configuration enables the delivery of discharge‐generated reactive species to remote target sites via an elongated flexible dielectric tube. Studies on FPJs have been conducted to elucidate the propagation mechanisms from multiple perspectives, which enables the optimization of operating parameters and applications in various biomedical applications. This article presents an overview of the research progress in FPJs, intending to provide theoretical guidance for expanding the application scenarios of FPJs and advancing their clinical translation.