小RNA
生物
免疫系统
癌症研究
癌症
转录因子
基因表达调控
计算生物学
基因
遗传学
作者
Martina Schmitt,Christiane Margue,Iris Behrmann,Stephanie Kreis
出处
期刊:Current Molecular Medicine
[Bentham Science]
日期:2013-04-01
卷期号:13 (4): 572-585
被引量:99
标识
DOI:10.2174/1566524011313040009
摘要
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. So far, over 1000 miRNAs have been identified in human cells and their diverse functions in normal cell homeostasis and many different diseases have been thoroughly investigated during the past decade. MiR-29, one of the most interesting miRNA families in humans to date, consists of three mature members miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c, which are encoded in two genetic clusters. Members of this family have been shown to be silenced or down-regulated in many different types of cancer and have subsequently been attributed predominantly tumor-suppressing properties, albeit exceptions have been described where miR-29s have tumor-promoting functions. MiR-29 targets expression of diverse proteins like collagens, transcription factors, methyltransferases and others, which may partake in abnormal migration, invasion or proliferation of cells and may favor development of cancer. Furthermore, members of the miR-29 family can be activated by interferon signaling, which suggests a role in the immune system and in hostpathogen interactions, especially in response to viral infections. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the genomic organization and regulation of the miR-29 family and we provide an overview of its implication in cancer suppression and promotion as well as in host immune responses. The numerous remarkable properties of these miRNAs and their often altered expression patterns might make the miR-29 family promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases in future. Keywords: Biomarker, immune response, miR-29 family, oncogenic, therapeutic target, tumor suppressor
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