Endocannabinoid signaling in the central nervous system

内大麻素系统 神经科学 大麻素受体 生物 受体 中枢神经系统 2-花生四烯酸甘油 大麻素 生物化学 兴奋剂
作者
César E. Martinez Ramirez,Gonzalo Ruiz‐Pérez,Todd M. Stollenwerk,Christina Behlke,Ashley Doherty,Cecilia J. Hillard
出处
期刊:Glia [Wiley]
卷期号:71 (1): 5-35 被引量:6
标识
DOI:10.1002/glia.24280
摘要

It is hard to overestimate the influence of the endocannabinoid signaling (ECS) system on central nervous system (CNS) function. In the 40 years since cannabinoids were found to trigger specific cell signaling cascades, studies of the ECS system continue to cause amazement, surprise, and confusion! CB1 cannabinoid receptors are expressed widely in the CNS and regulate cell–cell communication via effects on the release of both neurotransmitters and gliotransmitters. CB2 cannabinoid receptors are difficult to detect in the CNS but seem to “punch above their weight” as compounds targeting these receptors have significant effects on inflammatory state and behavior. Positive and negative allosteric modulators for both receptors have been identified and examined in preclinical studies. Concentrations of the endocannabinoid ligands, N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are regulated by a combination of enzymatic synthesis and degradation and inhibitors of these processes are available and making their way into clinical trials. Importantly, ECS regulates many essential brain functions, including regulation of reward, anxiety, inflammation, motor control, and cellular development. While the field is on the cusp of preclinical discoveries providing impactful clinical and therapeutic insights into many CNS disorders, there is still much to be learned about this remarkable and versatile modulatory system.
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