加热
原材料
生物燃料
制浆造纸工业
燃烧热
热解
碳化
析因实验
生物能源
废物管理
材料科学
环境科学
化学
数学
有机化学
复合材料
燃烧
工程类
统计
扫描电子显微镜
作者
Belén Escribano-Uriarte,Lorena Pérez-Carcelén,José Antonio Díaz-López,Evangelina Atanes-Sánchez
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jaap.2023.106341
摘要
Waste cork torrefaction was optimized in order to improve the properties of this material for its application as biofuel. A two-level factorial design involving three factors -torrefaction temperature, torrefaction time and heating rate- was proposed with two-responses -mass yield (MY) and high heating value (HHV)-. Factorial design results revealed that torrefaction time and especially temperature were the most influential factors. Using simultaneous optimization of the two variables MY and HHV, and giving them two different weights, two different sets of optimum conditions were obtained. The first one (246 ºC, 60 min and 5 ºC/min) led to a biofuel with similar HHV as the raw material, therefore it did not give any benefit in terms of biofuel upgrading. The second one (275 ºC, 60 min and 5 ºC/min) gave a biofuel with 10% more energy density than the raw material, which allowed to classify this biofuel as lignite. Both torrefied samples showed significant increase in hydrophobic character. Finally, ATR-FTIR results revealed the occurrence of carbonization reactions during torrefaction.
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