The functions of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in intestinal immunity

In this review, we primarily address the functions of bile acid-microbiota crosstalk in diseases. Firstly, we summarize bile acid signalling and the factors influencing bile acid metabolism, with highlighting the immune function of microbially conjugated bile acids and the unique roles of different receptors. Subsequently, we emphasize the vital role of bile acids in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota and regulating the intestinal barrier function, energy metabolism and immunity. Finally, we explore differences of bile acid metabolism in different disease states, offering new perspectives on restoring the host's health and the gastrointestinal ecosystem by targeting the gut microbiota-bile acid-bile acid receptor axis.