State-wise disparities and temporal trends in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the United States of America (USA)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. We utilized Global Burden of Diseases 2021 data to assess age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized death rates (ASDR) per 100,000 population, and annual percentage changes (APC) of ASIR and ASDR of AML across USA states. Statistical modeling, including 2 two-sample t-test, was done. In 2021, the USA reported 21,533 AML cases (ASIR: 3.85) and 16,648 deaths (ASDR: 2.91). Both ASIR and ASDR increased from 1990 to 2021, particularly among individuals aged 70 years and older. In 2021, Kentucky and West Virginia had the highest ASIR and ASDR, respectively. From 1900 to 2021, metabolic risks related to AML death increased, while behavioral and occupational risks related to death declined. The growing AML burden in the USA, especially among older adults, underscores the need for age-sensitive care, preventive strategies targeting modifiable risks like obesity and smoking, and equitable healthcare access across states.