[A survey on clinical practice of tracheostomy decannulation in medical institutions at all levels across the country].

Objective: A questionnaire survey was conducted on the clinical practice of tracheostomy decannulation among medical staff in medical institutions at all levels across the country. Methods: The questionnaire was determined by literature review and expert consultation to investigate the clinical practice of tracheostomy decannulation among medical staff in comprehensive and rehabilitation hospitals of different levels across the country and the factors considered when deciding to decannulate. Statistical methods used χ² test and one-way ANOVA. Results: A total of 570 questionnaires were collected from all over the country, with 463 valid questionnaires. The survey results showed that the most important factors in clinical practice to determine the decannulation of the tracheostomy tube were upper airway patency, cough effectiveness, level of consciousness and oxygenation. Before decannulation, 220 (47.50%) would choose to change to metal cannula, and 384 (82.90%) would routinely occlude the tube. 294 (63.50%) thought that re-intubation within 24 hours after decannulation of the tracheostomy tube was failure of decannulation. The decannulation failure rate was mostly 2%-5%. Conclusions: Upper airway patency, cough effectiveness, level of consciousness and oxygenation were important factors when considering decannulation. Reintubation within 24 hours of decannulation was defined as failure by the majority of respondents.目的： 调查全国各级医疗机构医务人员气管切开套管拔管临床实践情况。 方法： 通过文献回顾法及专家咨询法确定调查问卷，调查全国不同等级综合和康复医院医务人员的气管切开套管拔管临床实践情况以及决定拔管时的考虑因素。统计学方法采用χ²检验和单因素方差分析。 结果： 共收集问卷570份，有效问卷463份，调查结果显示医务人员决定拔管时考虑因素最重要的依次为上气道通畅性、咳嗽能力、意识水平和氧合情况。在气管切开套管拔管前，463名医务人员中，220名（47.50%）会更换为金属套管，384名（82.90%）会常规堵管，294名（63.50%）认为气管切开套管拔管后24 h内再次插管为拔管失败。各中心的拔管失败率多为2%~5%。 结论： 调查显示决定拔管时考虑因素按重要性依次为上气道通畅性、咳嗽能力、意识水平及氧合情况。大多数参与调查的人员界定气管切开套管拔管失败为拔管后24 h内重新插管。.