Excitation of anapole mode and near-field localization enhancement based on graphene-assembled film flexible metasurfaces

Anapole mode, as a radiation-suppressed state, stems from the interaction of electric and toroidal dipoles, with its physical mechanism manifesting as destructive interference in far-field radiation and localized enhancement of near-field energy. In this work, we have proposed a flexible metasurface based on graphene-assembled film (GAF). Through subwavelength structural design of GAF, an anapole mode supported by a deformable substrate is realized in the microwave frequency band, overcoming the limitations of conventional rigid substrates. The simulation results have demonstrated that the metasurface maintains a highly stable resonance spectrum across incident angles ranging from −10° to 10°, with the excited anapole mode exhibiting robustness to angular variations, thereby preserving the localized enhancement of near-field energy. The close agreement between experimental results and electromagnetic simulation results confirms the feasibility of the proposed design. This metasurface features radiation-suppressed characteristics and flexibility, providing a research foundation for exploring mechanically deformable radiation-suppressed metasurfaces and simultaneously offering a new approach for the application of anapole metamaterials in fields such as biosensing and spectroscopy.