In nature, there are many disasters that may threaten the safety of human life, such as house collapse caused by earthquakes, fires, etc. The danger and complexity of the rescue environment often bring great difficulties to the search and rescue work. In the harsh rescue environment, there are often many secondary disasters, such as aftershocks after the earthquake and the second collapse of the house. The emergence of rescue robots has greatly reduced the risk of people being hurt during the rescue process, and improved the efficiency of rescue work. Based on the development status of rescue robots, this paper briefly introduces the Robocup Rescue competition and the hardware and software components of rescue robots. At the same time, it briefly analyzes the SLAM technology and its algorithms of rescue robots, and finally states the future development of rescue robots.