暴发洪水
大洪水
水文学(农业)
融雪
流域
地表径流
环境科学
漫滩
洪水(心理学)
河岸带
重新造林
气候变化
构造盆地
地质学
地理
栖息地
考古
岩土工程
心理治疗师
古生物学
海洋学
生物
地图学
农林复合经营
生态学
心理学
作者
Bartłomiej Wyżga,Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz,Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva,Joanna Zawiejska
出处
期刊:GeoPlanet: earth and planetary sciences
日期:2016-01-01
卷期号:: 55-75
被引量:8
标识
DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-41923-7_4
摘要
Mechanisms generating floods are reviewed and next discussed with regard to the Upper Vistula Basin. Here, floods typically result from (i) moderate-intensity rain that lasts a few days over a large area and drives large-scale flooding, or (ii) high-intensity, short-lasting convective rain causing local flash floods. Outside the mountain part of the basin, especially in the San River catchment, floods are also caused by intensive snowmelt. Interpretation of climate track in flood generation is presented, based on the analysis of observation records from the last six decades and projections for the future. Catchment and river changes affecting the conditions of flood generation are next considered for the last 130 years. They comprise changes regulating flood runoff (catchment reforestation and dam reservoirs construction), changes reducing floodwater storage and accelerating flood runoff (channel regulation, flood embankments, river incision, and permanent impoundment of the Upper Vistula for navigation purposes), as well as the expansion of riparian forests increasing large wood recruitment to channels during floods.
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