Transparent Electrodes with Enhanced Infrared Transmittance for Semitransparent and Four-Terminal Tandem Perovskite Solar Cells

This report addresses indium oxide doped with titanium and tantulum with high near-infrared transparency to potentially replace the conventional indium tin oxide transparent electrode used in semitransparent perovskite devices and top cells of tandem devices. The high near-infrared transparency of this electrode is possibly explained by the lower carrier concentration, suggesting less defect sites that may sacrifice its optical transparency. Incorporating this transparent electrode into semitransparent perovskite solar cells for both the top and bottom electrodes improved the device performance through possible reduction of interfacial defect sites and modification in energy alignment. With this indium oxide-based semitransparent perovskite top cell, we also demonstrated four-terminal perovskite–silicon tandem configurations with improved photocurrent response in the bottom silicon cell.