Emerging approaches in the management of intracranial hemorrhage: ARISE II consensus recommendations

Despite advances in the fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), many issues related to ICH management remain understudied with discrepancies in management. Given the high disease severity and prevalence, consensus recommendations are urgently needed to guide further research and management strategies. Thus, a group of clinical experts, industry leaders, and government representatives was assembled to examine emerging approaches in ICH management and their future impact on patient care. The timing of intervention within 24 hours and the role of minimally invasive evacuation, particularly for basal ganglia hemorrhage locations, were identified as key research focuses to guide future trial design. Mobile stroke units and artificial intelligence (AI) are promising technologies that streamline preoperative and triaging workflows and improve time to intervention. Efforts to further develop surgical technologies will be crucial to improve ICH visualization and evacuation. Further research, industry collaboration, and investment are needed to advance treatment frontiers and catalyze ICH research.