Emerging Hydrogel-Based Topical Delivery Systems: A Review of Salicylic Acid and Nicotinamide Synergy in Acne Management

Acne vulgaris is a frequent multifactorial skin condition characterized by excessive sebum production, hyperkeratosis of follicles, bacterial colonization, and inflammation. Topical medications may be ineffective, showing various issues, including poor skin penetration, irritating effects, unstable composition of medications, and low adherence to therapy. Topical systems based on hydrogels with a high amount of water, biocompatibility, and a possibility to offer controlled release of drugs demonstrate numerous advantages for the therapy. Hydrogels increase drug retention at the skin and its permeation to target sites. This leads to a higher therapeutic effect and lower toxicity. Salicylic acid and nicotinamide used together may contribute to an effective solution of problems associated with acne. Salicylic acid has keratolytic properties contributing to exfoliation, whereas nicotinamide helps reduce inflammation and regulate sebum secretion. Nanocomposite and stimuli-sensitive hydrogels allow improving stability and performance and increasing acceptability of drug delivery systems. In summary, hydrogel-based systems containing salicylic acid and nicotinamide seem to be a prospective and effective solution to treating acne