Hot spot of casting is the place where solidification rate and time are slowly and long. The kinds of hot spot are:geometric hot spot, physical hot spot,juction effect of neighbourhood and surge flow hot spot. The changes of place and size of casting hot spot with the time are based on structure of casting, material of mould and the position of gate and riser. The design of riser should be like that juction effect of neighbourhood, surge flow hot spot and geometric hot spot do not join together.