The problems of low-rank coal flotation are analyzed using modern theory of flotation.The measures for improving the effects of low-rank coal flotation are proposed according to the properties of low-rank or weathered coal.These measures include changing properties of low-rank coal surfaces and improving functions of flotation machine.The results on laboratory and industry show that the effects are greatly improved,the yield of concentrates is enhanced 16%~33%,and the ash is decreased 0.3%~0.7%.The Faultless Index of flotation is 51% for weathered coal in industry.