Boosting electrocatalytic water oxidation of NiFe layered double hydroxide via the synergy of 3d–4f electron interaction and citrate intercalation

A series of hierarchical NiFeCe-LDHs intercalated with citrate anions were prepared. Benefiting from the synergy of 3d–4f electron interaction and anionic composition, trimetallic counterparts with the Ni : Fe : Ce molar ratio of 2 : 0.7 : 0.3 achieved the best OER activity.