Cone structure‒ice interaction simulation based on the common-node discrete element method–smoothed particle hydrodynamics coupling method

This paper presents a novel approach utilizing the discrete element method (DEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). A new fluid–structure coupling method called the common-node discrete element method–smoothed particle hydrodynamics (DS–SPH) is proposed. The DS-SPH method involves establishing a DEM and SPH method on the same node to create common-node discrete element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (DEM-SPH, DS) particles. This enables the DEM particles to experience forces exerted by the SPH particles within their supporting region through the SPH particles located at the same node. As a result, fluid-structure interactions (FSIs) can be achieved. The interaction between the cone structure and the sea ice is investigated via this method, and the crack generation mechanism of the sea ice during the collision process is investigated.