Review of the applications of 3D printing technology in the field of piezoelectric ceramics

As advanced functional materials, piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in various fields, including the medical, aviation, and military industries. With the advancement of science and technology, the piezoelectric ceramics needed in special fields have become more intelligent, diverse and lightweight. The shapes and structures of piezoelectric ceramics are becoming more complex. Traditional piezoelectric ceramic preparation technology has been unable to meet the high-speed and complex production demands of various industries. Considering this situation, 3D printing technology has attracted much attention in the field of piezoelectric ceramics. In this paper, the applications of several main 3D printing techniques in the field of piezoelectric ceramics are mainly introduced, and their development statuses, process characteristics and achievements are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of each printing technique are summarized and compared. The challenges and possible future trends of 3D printing when manufacturing piezoelectric ceramics are summarized and proposed.