Outcomes of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia after frontline hypomethylating agent and venetoclax regimens

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. ] However, little is known about outcomes of patients after failure of front-line venetoclax-based regimens. We found that patients failing front-line VEN+HMA have high-risk biology, dismal overall survival (OS) despite salvage therapy, and new putative mechanisms of resistance. This knowledge may help guide physicians' expectations, inform discussion with patients, and design clinical trials in patients after venetoclax failure.