Wireless Self‐Powered Optogenetic System for Long‐Term Cardiac Neuromodulation to Improve Post‐MI Cardiac Remodeling and Malignant Arrhythmia

Abstract Autonomic imbalance is an important characteristic of patients after myocardial infarction (MI) and adversely contributes to post‐MI cardiac remodeling and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). A previous study proved that optogenetic modulation could precisely inhibit cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity and prevent acute ischemia‐induced VAs. Here, a wireless self‐powered optogenetic modulation system is introduced, which achieves long‐term precise cardiac neuromodulation in ambulatory canines. The wireless self‐powered optical system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator is powered by energy harvested from body motion and realized the effective optical illumination that is required for optogenetic neuromodulation (ON). It is further demonstrated that long‐term ON significantly mitigates MI‐induced sympathetic remodeling and hyperactivity, and improves a variety of clinically relevant outcomes such as improves ventricular dysfunction, reduces infarct size, increases electrophysiological stability, and reduces susceptibility to VAs. These novel insights suggest that wireless ON holds translational potential for the clinical treatment of arrhythmia and other cardiovascular diseases related to sympathetic hyperactivity. Moreover, this innovative self‐powered optical system may provide an opportunity to develop implantable/wearable and self‐controllable devices for long‐term optogenetic therapy.